Monday, 10 November 2008

Acute Care

Hello

I justed wanted mention a few points of progress regarding the improvement of acute care services in Juba. There's been some good consequences from my presentation to the Ministry of Health at GOSSHA2 (see previous blog entry) recently. Amongst other things, we clearly demonstrated in a mortality distribution study that 60% of inpatient mortalities (and 70% of paediatric mortalities) in JTH occur within the first 24 hours of admission. We concluded from this that in order to reduce hospital mortality, attention would be best spent on improving the acute care delivery services.

What's been really great is that people are actually taking this seriously. Dr Dario (my Consultant and Director General of JTH) has created a new permanent post in Juba: Director of Emergency Services, and appointed Dr Thomas to the task to coordinate it all. This is really encouraging and improving acute care is now high on the hospital's agenda.

Another good outcome from GOSSHA2 has been that Dr Dario managed to put forward as an official recommendation to the ministry that the current procurement system for hospital supply should be revised. Consistent supply of life-saving drugs and equipment, whilst we take it for granted back at home, is a huge issue here. There's few things more frustrating and upsetting as a clinician than seeing delays in, or worse still no treatment at all for a sick patient because there just are no, for example, venflons in the hospital. So in the old system we got what we were given by MoH rather than what we said we needed. Hopefully this will change and the hospital will have more autonomy in procuring supplies.

Enough from me - a few words from David now.


James

The new emergency drugs cupboard on the Emergency Medical Ward.
It may not look much but you wouldn't believe the amount of effort required...


“How was your day?” the Comboni’s often ask me at supper.
“Same as usual,” I often reply “Everyday we move two steps forward, one step backward and one step sideways. But always, we move one step forward!”

Yesterday we took three huge strides:

The purpose of the cupboard is to provide medicines at night time when there are no pharmacists and to allow access to life-saving medicines that you need within seconds. Currently, if a patient needed urgent treatment I would have to send a nurse to pharmacy. More likely than not the nurse would get side-tracked in vigorous hand-shaking and salutations, the Pharmacy would probably be shut, the Pharmacist would be out, or there would be no drugs. This lamentably slow process would take 15 minutes at best. At worst the word “Bukra,” would be given which is a word I hear rather frequently (it means “tomorrow”).

We have selected the Male Emergency Ward as our new Emergency Ward because it has two separate wings. One wing can be for females, the other for males. Handover and the drugs cupboard is in the middle. Today we have been moving the patients out of the Male Emergency Ward and redistributing them.

I am holding out high hopes. We have enough staff, they are all trained, we have the medicines and equipment we need. In the future, we will see if it impacts on mortality.

David

Acute Care

Hello

I justed wanted mention a few points of progress regarding the improvement of acute care services in Juba. There's been some good consequences from my presentation to the Ministry of Health at GOSSHA2 (see previous blog entry) recently. Amongst other things, we clearly demonstrated in a mortality distribution study that 60% of inpatient mortalities (and 70% of paediatric mortalities) in JTH occur within the first 24 hours of admission. We concluded from this that in order to reduce hospital mortality, attention would be best spent on improving the acute care delivery services.

What's been really great is that people are actually taking this seriously. Dr Dario (my Consultant and Director General of JTH) has created a new permanent post in Juba: Director of Emergency Services, and appointed Dr Thomas to the task to coordinate it all. This is really encouraging and improving acute care is now high on the hospital's agenda.

Another good outcome from GOSSHA2 has been that Dr Dario managed to put forward as an official recommendation to the ministry that the current procurement system for hospital supply should be revised. Consistent supply of life-saving drugs and equipment, whilst we take it for granted back at home, is a huge issue here. There's few things more frustrating and upsetting as a clinician than seeing delays in, or worse still no treatment at all for a sick patient because there just are no, for example, venflons in the hospital. So in the old system we got what we were given by MoH rather than what we said we needed. Hopefully this will change and the hospital will have more autonomy in procuring supplies.

Enough from me - a few words from David now.


James

The new emergency drugs cupboard on the Emergency Medical Ward.
It may not look much but you wouldn't believe the amount of effort required...


“How was your day?” the Comboni’s often ask me at supper.
“Same as usual,” I often reply “Everyday we move two steps forward, one step backward and one step sideways. But always, we move one step forward!”

Yesterday we took three huge strides:

The purpose of the cupboard is to provide medicines at night time when there are no pharmacists and to allow access to life-saving medicines that you need within seconds. Currently, if a patient needed urgent treatment I would have to send a nurse to pharmacy. More likely than not the nurse would get side-tracked in vigorous hand-shaking and salutations, the Pharmacy would probably be shut, the Pharmacist would be out, or there would be no drugs. This lamentably slow process would take 15 minutes at best. At worst the word “Bukra,” would be given which is a word I hear rather frequently (it means “tomorrow”).

We have selected the Male Emergency Ward as our new Emergency Ward because it has two separate wings. One wing can be for females, the other for males. Handover and the drugs cupboard is in the middle. Today we have been moving the patients out of the Male Emergency Ward and redistributing them.

I am holding out high hopes. We have enough staff, they are all trained, we have the medicines and equipment we need. In the future, we will see if it impacts on mortality.

David

Sunday, 9 November 2008

Sunday Ramblings

Well it's a hot Sunday today, a day of rest, so I thought I'd just write briefly about some non-clinical things. We'll follow it up with more work-related content soon as things are moving along nicely...

Part of Father Luciano's vegetable garden at Comboni.
(A favourite spot of mine for sitting etc.)

I haven't been feeling so recently so I've had the past couple of days off from the hospital to rest up a bit. This has been a very good thing. Comboni House is a very restful and peaceful place to be and sit and play guitar around. The chapel is also very nice.

The ferry over to the island

We took a little trip out onto the Nile with some Combonis the other day to go walking on an island. (There's quite a big island in the middle which I hadn't quite appreciated before. See for example Google Earth 4°51'48.49"N by 31°37'38.58"E). It's very green and lush. A little bit like our Island back home. Come to think of it, a lot of Southern Sudan is actually very green. I was quite ignorant about Africa before coming here and tended to think Africa = arid and generally beige but the countryside around is really quite lush and rather pleasant.

The Nile is pretty swollen at the moment due to the recent rainfall. We had to take a little boat over which was punted by a sudanese chap. His pole was really a little too short for the task and we drifted downstream quite a bit and had to work our way back up the reed-beds in the shallows but we got there all ok. So we just went walking around really for an afternoon. It's good to get out of Juba actually (even if not very far.)

Mangos ripening at Comboni

A large beetle I found

Limes at Comboni. We drink these in our water every day. Delicious.

So that's me for now. Back to hospital tomorrow...

James

Sunday Ramblings

Well it's a hot Sunday today, a day of rest, so I thought I'd just write briefly about some non-clinical things. We'll follow it up with more work-related content soon as things are moving along nicely...

Part of Father Luciano's vegetable garden at Comboni.
(A favourite spot of mine for sitting etc.)

I haven't been feeling so recently so I've had the past couple of days off from the hospital to rest up a bit. This has been a very good thing. Comboni House is a very restful and peaceful place to be and sit and play guitar around. The chapel is also very nice.

The ferry over to the island

We took a little trip out onto the Nile with some Combonis the other day to go walking on an island. (There's quite a big island in the middle which I hadn't quite appreciated before. See for example Google Earth 4°51'48.49"N by 31°37'38.58"E). It's very green and lush. A little bit like our Island back home. Come to think of it, a lot of Southern Sudan is actually very green. I was quite ignorant about Africa before coming here and tended to think Africa = arid and generally beige but the countryside around is really quite lush and rather pleasant.

The Nile is pretty swollen at the moment due to the recent rainfall. We had to take a little boat over which was punted by a sudanese chap. His pole was really a little too short for the task and we drifted downstream quite a bit and had to work our way back up the reed-beds in the shallows but we got there all ok. So we just went walking around really for an afternoon. It's good to get out of Juba actually (even if not very far.)

Mangos ripening at Comboni

A large beetle I found

Limes at Comboni. We drink these in our water every day. Delicious.

So that's me for now. Back to hospital tomorrow...

James

Friday, 7 November 2008

Cows, Birthdays etc.

Hello again everybody,

Apologies for the lack of blogging but time is rapidly running out and we are working around the clock in a bid to make all the good things we have achieved continue in our absence. We have 39 days left and are trying to achieve the following:

  1. Organising trainers to continue teaching
  2. Re-opening a new Medical Emergency Ward, stocked with drugs and well trained nurses
  3. Training people to implement triage
  4. Organising ceremonies for all nurses who have received certificates with us (should be around 200)
  5. Travel to another hospital 500 km away to conduct a fact finding visit for another potential link
  6. Practice medicine

It is safe to say that we have never been busier...

Yesterday I celebrated my 30th birthday in Juba. The morning routine began much the same as any day; on arrival at the main entrance, there is the exchange of many greetings which involve more than a modicum of vigorous hand-shaking, shoulder patting, and hand-holding (I can now say I am used to holding a man’s hand).

However, my birthday also started on a bit of a low. The evening before, I admitted a 25 year old woman with acute diarrhoes who was very unwell on arrival. This is potentially a nasty illness but thoroughly treatable - they just need good rehydration and close monitoring with hourly checks of vital signs (pulse BP, respiratory rate).

Sister Anna teaching nurses

Sadly, there were no nurses on duty that day and there would be none in the night either. There is a high level of absenteeism amongst the profession - a salary of £50 a month is not enough to feed their families and they need to do other jobs to supplement their income. I did the best for my patient- I gave her 2 litres of fluid and hoped. Sadly it was not enough. She passed away in the small hours of the night, leaving behind a two and a half month old baby whom she was breast-feeding. I don’t hold out much hope for the child; the family will not be able to afford the formula feeds. God bless the NHS - I swear I will never complain about it again.

However, as is typical in Southern Sudan, there were many highs; two drugs cupboards have been completed for our new Emergency Ward. This is the first time a ward in Juba Teaching Hospital will stock life-saving medications and fluids and in a land where minutes literally count, this will save untold lives. The Ward will be re-opened on Tuesday and all the nurses staffing it will have received training on managing medical emergencies. I am holding out high hopes.

I will be working on this ward with sister Anna, one of the brightest ward sisters in this hospital and she also does the nurses training with me. I mentioned to her that I was getting married next year and she asked “How much is the wedding?” I went on to tell her that a typical British wedding costed £15,000.

“Ah but this is not much though,” She replied.
“Not much?” I asked, slightly bemused. This is a massive amount in the Southern Sudan.
“My bridal price will be 200 cows. This is about 1,000 Sudanese pounds a cow so that is about... 200,000 Sudanese pounds (£50,000).”

I asked what made her so expensive as a bride and she told me. “It is because I am tall and I have black gums and white teeth. This means I will give birth to tall, strong, fighting men!”
I asked her how much my future wife would be worth in cows.
“What colour are her teeth?” I answered they were white.
“What colour are her gums?”
“Pink.” She tutted at this.
“And how tall is she?” I judged that my fiancé came upto my shoulders.
Anna shook her head. “She is not tall so all your children will not be strong. She is worth one... maybe two cows at the most. And a few goats.”

At 5pm we enjoyed a beer with some friends we have made in the NGO (non-government organisation) community, whereupon I was handed a selection of fine cheeses, including a particularly strong smelling stilton - you can’t even begin to imagine what a luxury this is out here.

Dave's second party of the night at Comboni

The evening ended on a high in Comboni, where we drank and feasted on various Italian delights that had been prepared by the priests for my birthday which was very kind of them.
On days such as these, I think of previous birthdays I spent with family, friends, and fiancé that are left behind in England. I smile when I think of these times gone by because I would never have guessed back then that I would be celebrating my 30th in a monastery.

Anyway, I had better go. I shall see you all before the new year is out. Take care everyone,

David

Cows, Birthdays etc.

Hello again everybody,

Apologies for the lack of blogging but time is rapidly running out and we are working around the clock in a bid to make all the good things we have achieved continue in our absence. We have 39 days left and are trying to achieve the following:

  1. Organising trainers to continue teaching
  2. Re-opening a new Medical Emergency Ward, stocked with drugs and well trained nurses
  3. Training people to implement triage
  4. Organising ceremonies for all nurses who have received certificates with us (should be around 200)
  5. Travel to another hospital 500 km away to conduct a fact finding visit for another potential link
  6. Practice medicine

It is safe to say that we have never been busier...

Yesterday I celebrated my 30th birthday in Juba. The morning routine began much the same as any day; on arrival at the main entrance, there is the exchange of many greetings which involve more than a modicum of vigorous hand-shaking, shoulder patting, and hand-holding (I can now say I am used to holding a man’s hand).

However, my birthday also started on a bit of a low. The evening before, I admitted a 25 year old woman with acute diarrhoes who was very unwell on arrival. This is potentially a nasty illness but thoroughly treatable - they just need good rehydration and close monitoring with hourly checks of vital signs (pulse BP, respiratory rate).

Sister Anna teaching nurses

Sadly, there were no nurses on duty that day and there would be none in the night either. There is a high level of absenteeism amongst the profession - a salary of £50 a month is not enough to feed their families and they need to do other jobs to supplement their income. I did the best for my patient- I gave her 2 litres of fluid and hoped. Sadly it was not enough. She passed away in the small hours of the night, leaving behind a two and a half month old baby whom she was breast-feeding. I don’t hold out much hope for the child; the family will not be able to afford the formula feeds. God bless the NHS - I swear I will never complain about it again.

However, as is typical in Southern Sudan, there were many highs; two drugs cupboards have been completed for our new Emergency Ward. This is the first time a ward in Juba Teaching Hospital will stock life-saving medications and fluids and in a land where minutes literally count, this will save untold lives. The Ward will be re-opened on Tuesday and all the nurses staffing it will have received training on managing medical emergencies. I am holding out high hopes.

I will be working on this ward with sister Anna, one of the brightest ward sisters in this hospital and she also does the nurses training with me. I mentioned to her that I was getting married next year and she asked “How much is the wedding?” I went on to tell her that a typical British wedding costed £15,000.

“Ah but this is not much though,” She replied.
“Not much?” I asked, slightly bemused. This is a massive amount in the Southern Sudan.
“My bridal price will be 200 cows. This is about 1,000 Sudanese pounds a cow so that is about... 200,000 Sudanese pounds (£50,000).”

I asked what made her so expensive as a bride and she told me. “It is because I am tall and I have black gums and white teeth. This means I will give birth to tall, strong, fighting men!”
I asked her how much my future wife would be worth in cows.
“What colour are her teeth?” I answered they were white.
“What colour are her gums?”
“Pink.” She tutted at this.
“And how tall is she?” I judged that my fiancé came upto my shoulders.
Anna shook her head. “She is not tall so all your children will not be strong. She is worth one... maybe two cows at the most. And a few goats.”

At 5pm we enjoyed a beer with some friends we have made in the NGO (non-government organisation) community, whereupon I was handed a selection of fine cheeses, including a particularly strong smelling stilton - you can’t even begin to imagine what a luxury this is out here.

Dave's second party of the night at Comboni

The evening ended on a high in Comboni, where we drank and feasted on various Italian delights that had been prepared by the priests for my birthday which was very kind of them.
On days such as these, I think of previous birthdays I spent with family, friends, and fiancé that are left behind in England. I smile when I think of these times gone by because I would never have guessed back then that I would be celebrating my 30th in a monastery.

Anyway, I had better go. I shall see you all before the new year is out. Take care everyone,

David

Tuesday, 28 October 2008

The breaking of the fellowship...


We did a research project a couple of weeks back in JTH looking at the distribution of mortality in the hospital. We were particularly interested in not only who was dying but also when they were dying. As you may know my professional interest is in acute care, and this is very much the area where David and I are focussing our attention here in Juba. We wanted to know if we were barking up the wrong tree in terms of making a dent in total hospital mortality rates. We aren’t. In fact, we clearly demonstrated that >60% of hospital mortality (and >70% in paeds) occurs within 24 hours of admission. Anyway we’re writing this up at the moment.

David and Dario at our poster/stall.

There’s a massive convention on at the moment called the Government of Southern Sudan Health Assembly 2 (GOSSHA2) which is the second annual health assembly where representatives from over 40 NGOs (national and international) all get together with the whole MoH/GoSS and State Government representatives to talk, present and generally make important decisions concerning national health strategy. The theme is ‘Building Effective Health Systems in Southern Sudan.’ The whole thing was opened by the President of Southern Sudan, so basically it’s quite a big deal.

I’m still not quite sure how it happened, (but probably it’s due to the fact that our work is in Juba and JTH’s heavily involved with MOH) we ended up acquiring a slot at the exhibition where we could do a poster presentation of the research and also generally tell folk about what we’re up to here.

I generally do the photography which is why I'm not in many of them, and I completely forgot to photograph myself at our stand. However, our nextdoor neighbour was very keen to photograph me at his stand and it's the closest I have!

Anyhow today at GOSSHA2 the Director General for Curative Services in MoH (who’s our Boss in GoSS as it were) was doing an address on ‘building an effective referral system’ and invited me to present the research findings to the assembly as part of his time slot. So Dr Dario (my Surgical Consultant and Director General of JTH) introduced me and off I went. On reflection it was actually quite relevant to the theme; part of an effective health system involves secondary/tertiary care, and what we’ve shown is that to make that hospital care more effective (at least in terms of reducing mortality) you need to focus on the acute care service delivery. I got some positive feedback afterwards too which was encouraging.


Here's a couple of shots of the presentation. You may just be able to make out the graphs - the red bar is <24h mortality

In other news, we bade farewell to the senior team from St Mary’s last Saturday. I know everyone in Juba was extremely grateful for their input in JTH over the 3 weeks they were here: they’ll certainly be missed, and I’d like to think they had a great time too. We had a great meal out on the Nile with a load of the hospital folk and also some people from MoH on Friday which was a real treat. Highlights for me included an African jazz band which featured a vocalist who sounded just like Louis Armstrong and the chance to eat a large steak. Anyway, life is back to relative normality (for Juba) again and now it’s just David and I plodding ever onwards...

James